Introduction to formic acid:

Formic acid, also known as formic acid, has the chemical formula HCOOH. The secretion of Hymenoptera insects such as ants and bees contains formic acid, which was made when people distilled ants, so it has this name. Formic acid is colorless, pungent and corrosive. It will blister and swell after human skin contact. Melting point: 8.4 ℃, boiling point: 100.8 ℃. Due to the special structure of formic acid, one of its hydrogen atoms is directly connected to the carboxyl group. It can also be regarded as a hydroxy formaldehyde. Therefore, formic acid has the properties of both acid and aldehyde. In the chemical industry, formic acid is used in rubber, medicine, dye and leather industries.

Physicochemical properties of formic acid:

Appearance and properties: colorless liquid with a pungent smell

Density: 1.22

Boiling point: 101 ° C

Melting point: 8.2-8.4 ° C (lit.)

Flash point: 133 ° f

Refractive index: n20/d 1.377

Water solubility: miscible

Stability: stable Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and powdered metals, furfuryl alcohol.  Combustible.  Hygroscopic.  Pressure may build up in tightly closed bottles, so bottles should be opened carefully and vented periodically.

Storage conditions:

The warehouse shall be ventilated and dry at low temperature, and stored separately from alkali, oxidant, H pore forming agent and cyanide

Steam density: 1.03 (vs air)

Steam pressure: 52 mm Hg (37 ° C)

Formic acid is one of the basic organic chemical raw materials. It is widely used in pesticide, leather, textile, printing and dyeing, medicine and rubber industry. It can also be used to produce various solvents, plasticizers, rubber coagulants, animal feed additives and new synthetic insulin. In the consumption of formic acid in China, the pharmaceutical industry accounts for about 45%, the chemical industry accounts for about 30%, and the light industry, textile and other sectors account for about 25%. Formic acid is one of the important export chemical products in China. At present, all formic acid production in China adopts sodium formate method. Formic acid is often used as a substitute for cheap, less volatile and corrosive inorganic acids, and is widely used in light industry. In the textile and printing and dyeing industry, formic acid is used as an agent to eliminate the nitrite gas produced by the sodium nitrite process of indicin, a dyeing aid for weak acid dyes and neutral complex dyes, and a dyeing aid for reactive dyes to dye nylon. Formic acid will not remain on the fabric in the process of dyeing and printing. It is more acidic than acetic acid and can reduce hexadiene chromium. Therefore, it can improve the utilization of dyes in the process of chrome mordant dyeing. Using formic acid instead of sulfuric acid can avoid the degradation of cellulose, and the acidity is moderate, so it is an excellent dyeing aid. As a substitute of inorganic acid, formic acid is used for decolorization, depilation, neutralization of lime and prevention of mildew of wet leather. Using formic acid as coagulant can improve the quality of natural rubber, reduce the production cost, and can also be used for the regeneration of waste rubber. Using formic acid as feed additive has great potential in silage. Formic acid has the function of inhibiting or preventing the growth of mold. It can change the natural fermentation form of feed. Fatty acids are often added to improve the anti mold effect. Feeding cows with formic acid treated green feed can prevent milk production reduction in winter, and the fattening effect is also significantly improved. In the food industry, formic acid is used for disinfection and antisepsis in the brewing industry, as a cleaning disinfectant for cans, and as a preservative for fruit juice and food. A large number of derivatives of formic acid are intermediates of medicine, pesticides, dyes, spices and solvents, and are used to manufacture borneol, aminopyrine, caffeine, vitamin B1, analgin, Chlordimeform, Triadimefon, dimethylformamide, etc. Formamide and formate esters substituted in formic acid derivatives are widely used in industry (see the item for formamide derivatives). The esters of formic acid are widely used in the perfume industry, such as ethyl formate - peach, berry and other fruit essence; Isoamyl formate - fruit essence, leather essence; Hexyl formate - apple essence; Heptyl formate - apricot, plum, peach and other fruit essence; N-decyl formate for Neroli essence and iris oil; Benzyl formate -- jasmine and other flower fragrance and soap essence; Lauryl formate - used for essence such as jasmine and jasmine; Citronellyl formate - used for rose, osmanthus, wild lily and other essence; Syringate formate - used for carnation essence, etc; Geranyl formate - essence such as rose, orange blossom and fragrant leaves; Linalyl formate - Lavender, fragrant lemon and other essence; Menthol formate - cosmetic essence, essence for spray; Phenyl ethyl formate - white rose, orchid, chrysanthemum and other essence; Thyme formate -- Cosmetic Perfume. Used as analytical reagent, such as reducing agent, to prepare buffer solution. It is also used for the preparation of pure carbon monoxide and pesticides. Sterilization and mould prevention in pulp manufacturing. It can also produce leather softener, rubber coagulant, printing and dyeing mordant, dyeing agent and treatment agent for fiber and paper, plasticizer and animal feed additive, etc. It can also be used as a preservative in cosmetics. The minimum allowable content in cosmetics is 5% (acid). Formic acid and its aqueous solution can dissolve many metals, metal oxides, hydroxides and salts. The formate generated can be dissolved in water, so it can be used as a chemical cleaning agent. Formic acid contains no chloride ion and can be used for cleaning equipment containing stainless steel materials. It is used to make chemicals, rubber coagulant, textile, printing and dyeing, electroplating, etc.

[hazardous characteristics]

This product is an acid corrosive product with strong corrosivity and irritation, which can cause burns to human body. It mainly causes irritation of skin and mucous membrane. Contact may cause conjunctivitis, eyelid edema, rhinitis, bronchitis, or acute chemical pneumonia. This product is flammable. Its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture, which can cause combustion and explosion in case of open fire and high heat.

[first aid measures]:

Skin contact: take off contaminated clothes immediately, wash with a large amount of flowing water for at least 15 minutes, and seek medical advice.

Eye contact: lift the eyelids immediately, wash thoroughly with a large amount of flowing water or normal saline for at least 15 minutes, and seek medical advice.

Inhalation: quickly leave the site to a place with fresh air. Keep respiratory tract unobstructed. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration immediately and seek medical advice.

Ingestion: rinse with water, drink milk or egg white, and seek medical advice.

[fire protection measures]:

Fire extinguishing method: Firefighters must wear full body protective clothing and oxygen respirator to extinguish the fire. Keep the fire site containers cool with water, and spray with water to protect the personnel to stop the leakage. Extinguishing agent: insoluble foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

[emergency treatment]:

Evacuate the personnel from the leakage contaminated area to the safe area quickly, isolate them, strictly restrict access and cut off the fire source. It is recommended that the emergency treatment personnel wear self-contained positive pressure respirator and acid-base proof work clothes, do not directly contact the leakage, and cut off the leakage source as far as possible. Prevent from flowing into restricted spaces such as sewers and flood discharge ditches.

Small leakage: use sand or other incombustible materials for adsorption or absorption, or sprinkle soda ash on the ground, wash with a large amount of water, dilute the washing water and put it into the wastewater system.

Massive leakage: build a dike or dig a pit for collection, cover it with foam to reduce steam disaster, cool and dilute the steam with spray water, transfer it to a tank car or a special collector with a pump, recycle it or transport it to a waste treatment site for disposal.

[personal protection]:

Eye protection: in case of possible contact with its vapor, self-priming filter gas mask (full mask) or Self-priming long tube mask must be worn. In case of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended to wear air respirator.

Body protection: wear rubber acid and alkali resistant clothing.

Hand protection: wear rubber acid and alkali resistant gloves.

Other protection: smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited at the work site.

Formic acid (chemical formula HCOOH, molecular formula ch2o2, molecular weight 46.03), commonly known as formic acid. Small and simple fatty acids. A colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Weak electrolyte, melting point 8.6 ℃, boiling point 100.8 ℃. It is very acidic, corrosive and can stimulate skin blistering. It is found in the secretion of bees, some ants and caterpillars. It is an organic chemical raw material, also used as disinfectant and antiseptic.

Formic acid was first prepared by decomposing j.-l. guy lusack with oxalic acid. From 1855 to 1856, M. bertelow directly prepared sodium formate from sodium hydroxide and carbon monoxide. T. gold Schmidt first prepared formic acid from sodium formate by hydrolysis. This method was used in industrial production in Europe in 1896. It is still used in small batch production. In 1980, American scientific design company, Bethlehem Steel Company and Leonard company successfully developed the method of methanol carbonylation to produce formic acid, and a plant with an annual output of 20kt formic acid has been put into operation. In addition, formic acid can also be recovered from the by-product of light oil oxidation to acetic acid.

Formic acid is one of the basic organic chemical raw materials, which is widely used in pesticide, leather, dye, medicine, rubber and other industries. Formic acid can be directly used in fabric processing, tanning, textile printing and dyeing, and green feed storage. It can also be used as a metal surface treatment agent, rubber additives and industrial solvents. In organic synthesis, it is used to synthesize various formates, acridine dyes and formamide series of pharmaceutical intermediates. The specific categories are as follows:

Pharmaceutical industry: caffeine, analgin, aminopyrine, aminophylline, theobromine borneol, vitamin B1, metronidazole, mebendazole.

Pesticide industry: Triadimefon, Triadimefon, Tricyclazole, triazole, Triazophos, Paclobutrazol, Uniconazole, insecticide, dicofol, etc.

Chemical industry: calcium formate, sodium formate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, ethyl formate, barium formate, dimethylformamide, formamide, rubber antioxidant, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, epoxy soybean oil, epoxy octyl soybean oleate, tervaloyl chloride, paint remover, phenolic resin, pickled steel plate, etc.

Leather industry: tanning agent, deashing agent and neutralizing agent for leather.

Rubber industry: natural rubber coagulant.

Others: it can also produce printing and dyeing mordants, fiber and paper dyes, treatment agents, plasticizers, food preservation and animal feed additives.

Make Co. Chemical formula: hcooh= (concentrated H2SO4 Catalysis) heating =co+h2o

Reductant. Determination of arsenic, bismuth, aluminum, copper, gold, indium, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, silver and zinc. Determination of cerium, rhenium and tungsten. Test aromatic primary and secondary amines. Determine the relative molecular weight and crystallization solvent. Determination of methoxyl. Used as fixative in microanalysis. Manufacturing formates.

Formic acid and its aqueous solution can dissolve many metals, metal oxides, hydroxides and salts. The formate generated can be dissolved in water, so it can be used as a chemical cleaning agent. Formic acid contains no chloride ion and can be used for cleaning equipment containing stainless steel materials.